The Pelvic Floor and its Daily Functions

The pelvic floor is a group of muscles within the pelvis that connect to the pubic bone, tailbone, sacrum, and sitting bones. When these muscles contract, they lift and support the pelvic organs while tightening the openings of the urethra, vagina, and anus. Relaxing these muscles allows these openings to release and function naturally.

The pelvic floor plays six essential roles in the body:

1. Bladder control

As the bladder fills, the pelvic floor muscles contract around the urethra to prevent leakage and relax to allow urination. Dysfunction in this system can cause urinary leakage, urgency, or increased frequency.

2. Bowel control

The pelvic floor tightens around the rectum to prevent the accidental passage of gas or stool and relaxes during a bowel movement. When coordination or strength is impaired, symptoms may include constipation, leakage, or loss of control of gas.

3. Sexual health

In women, the ability to relax the pelvic floor is key for comfortable penetration. These muscles also contract during arousal and orgasm, contributing to sexual sensation. Pelvic floor dysfunction can cause pain, reduced orgasmic ability, or urinary leakage during intercourse.

In men, the pelvic floor supports erectile function and ejaculation control. Dysfunction may present as erectile difficulties or pain during ejaculation.

4. Organ support

In women, the pelvic floor supports the bladder, uterus, and bowels. Weakness or dysfunction can create a sensation of pressure, heaviness, or pelvic discomfort.

In men, these muscles provide essential support for the bladder and bowels.

5. Strength and stability

The pelvic floor is a vital part of the body’s "core," working together with the deep abdominal, back, and hip muscles to stabilize the lower back, sacroiliac joints, and pelvis. When these muscles weaken or lose coordination, it can contribute to low back, hip, or pelvic pain and reduced stability during everyday movements.

6. Circulation

The rhythmic contractions of the pelvic floor throughout the day help promote healthy blood and lymphatic flow back toward the heart. When this pumping action is impaired, it can lead to pelvic congestion or swelling.

If you suspect your pelvic floor isn’t functioning optimally, the team at Ottawa Pelvic Health can help. To learn more about pelvic health physiotherapy or discuss your symptoms, book a free 15-minute phone consultation with one of our Pelvic Health Physiotherapists.